Hansen Solubility Parameters in Practice (HSPiP) was employed for this alternatives assessment process. A soil immersion test was performed to identify the HSP parameters of the target soil; Mobil DTE Oil Medium. 1 ml of Mobil DTE Oil Medium was added to each of 24 10 ml vials consisting of the 24 panel solvents. The full list of solvents is available in the results section. These scintillation vials were then placed on a vial roller for the purposes of mechanical agitation.
Dissolution was evaluated by two criteria: first, if the oil was able to be emulsified within the solvent and secondly, if the clearness and colorlessness of the solvent was maintained. If the soil was not visually identifiable in the vial based on color, shape, particulate, present oil slick appearance, or filming, the soil was then considered satisfactorily dissolved.
Once the HSP parameters of the soil were identified, alternative solvents were chosen based on having similar HSP parameters supporting the likelihood of effective dissolution of the Mobil DTE Oil Medium.
Table 1 lists the dissolution results of each of the 24 panel solvents. The dissolution criteria was 0=less than 90% dissolution and 1=dissolution greater than 90%.
| Solvent
|
CAS
|
Dissolution
|
| Toluene
|
108-88-3
|
1
|
| Dimethyl Carbonate
|
616-38-6
|
0
|
| Xylenes
|
108-38-3
|
1
|
| Benzyl Alcohol
|
100-51-6
|
0
|
| Ethylene Glycol
|
107-21-1
|
0
|
| Methyl Acetate
|
79-20-9
|
0
|
| Undecane
|
1120-21-4
|
1
|
| Ethyl Lactate
|
97-64-3
|
0
|
| Acetone
|
67-64-1
|
0
|
| Ethyl Acetate
|
141-78-6
|
1
|
| Methanol
|
67-56-1
|
0
|
| Ethanol
|
64-17-5
|
0
|
| 1,3-Dioxolane
|
646-06-0
|
0
|
| Diethyl Carbonate
|
105-58-8
|
0
|
| 1-Propanol
|
71-23-8
|
1
|
| Isopropanol
|
67-63-0
|
0
|
| Propylene Carbonate
|
108-32-7
|
0
|
| Thiophene
|
110-02-1
|
1
|
| 1-Methoxy-2-Propanol
|
107-98-2
|
0
|
| Dimethyl Sulfoxide
|
67-68-5
|
0
|
| 1-Butanol
|
71-36-3
|
1
|
| Dimethyl Glutarate
|
119-40-0
|
1
|
| Anisole
|
100-66-3
|
1
|
| 2-Butoxyethyl-Acetate
|
112-07-2
|
1
|
Table 2 shows the HSP values of the target soil, Mobil DTE Oil Medium, determined in the HSPiP analysis.
|
|
Target _dD
|
Target _dP
|
Target _dH
|
| Mobil DTE Oil Medium
|
15.8
|
0.2
|
8.7
|
Table 3 lists the alternative solvents identified that are likely to have the ability to fully dissolve Mobil DTE Oil Medium.
| Solvent
|
CAS
|
_dD
|
_dP
|
_dH
|
| Tert-Pentyl-Alcohol
|
75-85-4
|
15.61
|
5.04
|
9.76
|
| 3_Pentanol
|
584-02-1
|
15.73
|
5.56
|
11.18
|
| (R )-(-)-2-Butanol
|
14898-79-4
|
15.65
|
5.76
|
12.29
|
| (S )-(+)-2-Butanol
|
4221-99-2
|
15.65
|
5.76
|
12.29
|
| 2-Butanol (Racemic)
|
15892-23-6
|
15.65
|
5.76
|
12.29
|
| 3-Methyl-2-Butanol
|
598-75-4
|
15.62
|
5.12
|
10.49
|
| Methyl Isopropenyl Ketone
|
814-78-8
|
15.95
|
6.85
|
4.78
|
| 3-Hexanone
|
589-38-8
|
15.74
|
6.68
|
4.08
|
| Pyridine
|
110-86-1
|
18.89
|
7.53
|
6.85
|
| 3,3-Dimethoxy-1-Propene
|
6044-68-4
|
15.44
|
5.11
|
4.64
|
| Isobutyl Acetate
|
110-19-0
|
15.58
|
4.47
|
5.59
|